Linux (Perintah Dasar)

Dalam mempelajari OS Linux, kita harus mengerti perintah dasar dari linux, karena perintah dasar linux adalah kunci pengoperasian linux, dengan mengetahui dasar Linux kita dapat melanjutkan untuk mempelajari yang lain seperti, membuat Websever, DNS, DHCP, Proxy, Mail, dll.

Dibawah ini ada beberapa perintah linux dan fungsinya,

alias———->Create an alias

awk———–>Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
bzip2———> Compress or decompress named file(s)
cal————->Display a calendar
cat————->Display the contents of a file
cd————–>Change Directory
chgrp———>Change group ownership
chmod——->Change access permissions
chown——–>Change file owner and group
chroot——–>Run a command with a different root directory
cksum——–>Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear———–>Clear terminal screen
cmp————>Compare two files
comm———>Compare two sorted files line by line
command—->Run a command – ignoring shell functions
cp—————>Copy one or more files to another location
cron————>Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab——->Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit———->Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut ————->Divide a file into several parts
date————>Display or change the date & time
df—————>Display free disk space
diff————->Display the differences between two files
diff3———–>Show differences among three files
dig ————->DNS lookup
dir————–>Briefly list directory contents
dircolors—–> Colour setup for `ls’
dirname——>Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs————->Display list of remembered directories
du—————>Estimate file space usage
echo————>Display message on screen
egrep———–>Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject————>Eject removable media
enable———>Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env————->Environment variables
ethtool——–>Ethernet card settings
eval————->Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec————>Execute a command
exit————->Exit the shell
expand——–>Convert tabs to spaces
export———>Set an environment variable
fdformat——>Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk————>Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep———–>Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file————–>Determine file type
find————->Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fold————->Wrap text to fit a specified width.
format———>Format disks or tapes
free————->Display memory usage
fsck————->File system consistency check and repair
ftp—————>File Transfer Protocol
gawk———–>Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts——–>Parse positional parameters
grep————>Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups——–>Print group names a user is in
gzip————>Compress or decompress named file(s)
head———–>Output the first part of file(s)
history——->Command History
hostname—>Print or set system name
id—————>Print user and group id’s
ifconfig ——>Configure a network interface
install——–>Copy files and set attributes
join————>Join lines on a common field
kill————->Stop a process from running
less————>Display output one screen at a time
ln—————>Make links between files
locate———>Find files
logname—–>Print current login name
logout——–>Exit a login shell
look———–>Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc————->Line printer control program
ls—————>List information about file(s)
lsof————>List open files
make———>Recompile a group of programs
man———–>Help manual
mkdir———>Create new folder(s)
mkfifo——–>Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs——>Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod——->Make block or character special files
more———->Display output one screen at a time
mount——–>Mount a file system
mtools——->Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv————>Move or rename files or directories
nano———->Text editor
netstat——->Networking information
nice———–>Set the priority of a command or job
nohup——–>Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup —>Query Internet name servers interactively
passwd——->Modify a user password
pathchk—–>Check file name portability
ping———->Test a network connection
popd———>Restore the previous value of the current directory
ps————->Process status
pushd——->Save and then change the current directory
pwd———->Print Working Directory
quota——–>Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck ->Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl—-> Set disk quotas
ram———–>ram disk device
rcp————>Copy files between two machines.
read———–>read a line from standard input
readonly—-> Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync—->Synchronize remote files via email
rm————->Remove files
rmdir——– >Remove folder(s)
rsync———>Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
scp————>Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff———–>Merge two files interactively
sed————>Stream Editor
seq————>Print numeric sequences
set————->Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp————>Secure File Transfer Program
shift———–>Shift positional parameters
shopt———>Shell Options
shutdown —>Shutdown or restart linux
sleep———–>Delay for a specified time
sort————->Sort text files
source———>Run commands from a file `.’
split————>Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh————–>Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace———->Trace system calls and signals
su—————>Substitute user identity
sum————>Print a checksum for a file
symlink——->Make a new name for a file
sync————>Synchronize data on disk with memory
tail————–>Output the last part of files
tar————–>Tape ARchiver
test————->Evaluate a conditional expression
time————>Measure Program running time
times———–>User and system times
touch———->Change file timestamps
top————–>List processes running on the system
traceroute –>Trace Route to Host
trap————>Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tty————–>Print filename of terminal on stdin
type————>Describe a command
ulimit———->Limit user resources
umask———>Users file creation mask
umount——->Unmount a device
unalias———>Remove an alias
uname———>Print system information
unset———–>Remove variable or function names
unshar———>Unpack shell archive scripts
useradd——–>Create new user account
usermod——>Modify user account
users———–>List users currently logged in
v—————–>Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
vdir————->Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b’)
vi—————->Text Editor
watch———->Execute/display a program periodically
wc—————>Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis——–>Report all known instances of a command
which———->Locate a program file in the user’s path.
while———–>Execute commands
who————->Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami——->Print the current user id and name (`id -un’)
Wget————>Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP